The Art Museum s Gallery 7 - 1433 Words

On Saturday, October 22nd I made the hour and a half trip to the Legion of Honor in San Francisco. Upon arriving I could see the tall ivory pillars surrounding the entrances of the museum, a reminder of the Neoclassical age in art history evident in 18th century Europe. Figures Amongst Ruins (Ruins with Sybil) is a 25.5 inch by 19.5 inch painting (â€Å"Figures Amongst†) that hangs in the far corner of the art museum s Gallery 7. It’s calming colors and stunning depiction of decayed ruins captures my attention. The history for Ruins with Sybil increases the value of its power of captivation. Giovanni Paolo Panini, the painter of Ruins with Sybil, was born in Italy in 1691(â€Å"Panini, Giovanni Paolo†). He originally worked as a fresco painter and architect, but later became known for oil canvas paintings like Ruins with Sybil where he would paint capriccio and veduta paintings of ancient roman ruins to sell to tourists on the Grand Tour (â€Å"Panini, Giovanni Paolo†). Ruins with Sybil, which was made in 1731, is an example of one of his capriccio paintings. Elements seen capriccio paintings are partially based on actual places but incorporate imaginative elements (Stokstad and Cothren, 915). These pieces were an important part of history because they acted as visualization of the values at Panini’s time. The Grand Tour was a way of expanding cultural knowledge. For Panini to produce pieces of art based on ancient Roman and Greek ruins for these tours is a prime example of theShow MoreRelatedWhere Are The Great Women Artists?1559 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent kind of greatness? Or, as the feminist art historian Linda Nochlin suggests in her ground-breaking article Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?, there are no great women artists; no female version of Picasso or Van Gogh, because they simply haven’t been allowed to be great. Throughout history women have been seen as the exception to the rule that artists are men. 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Risk Management in Sanofi-Aventis-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp

Question: Illustrate Concepts of Risk and Risk Management of your Choosen Organisation and analyse Risk Perception and how this affects Risk Management. Answer: Company and Nature of Business Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd is a consumer healthcare company which was established in the year 1997 in Singapore. The organization serves residents and patients of Singapore by manufacturing generics, animal and consumer health products. The organization focuses on Research and Development and provides therapeutic solutions to customers in multiple arenas which include central nervous system, thrombosis diseases, oncology, and rheumatoid arthritis, internal medicine which treats prostatic hyperplasia, cardiovascular diseases and vaccines for viral and bacterial diseases. The manufacturing units of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd are located in Japan, Continental Europe, United Kingdom and the United States. The organization is affiliated to global healthcare organization Sanofi. The vision of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd is to be a diversified service provider in the healthcare industry by focusing on the needs of patients. The organization also improves the knowledge, skil ls and professionalism of employees by organization training and development programs for them. Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd stays focused to boost profit and sales by improving value for shareholders. The organization also serves the noble purpose of providing medical education to patients and healthcare workers of Singapore (sanofi.com.sg 2017). Description of Companys Risk Management Framework The risk management framework can be divided into a master plan of risk management. The corporate team of risk management of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd develops the master plan of risk management for the organization. The Risk management Project Plan is also an important part of the risk management framework of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd The management of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd ensures to manage risks in an effective way. The pharmaceutical projects of the organization are guided by a model of decision making under risky situations. Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd adopts an analytical approach to manage risk and the risk management framework of the organization is structured well. The members of project team of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd are involved in the process of risk planning. The tools of the risk management process of the organization should be adaptable and flexible (Sadgrove 2016).Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd adopts similar approach (sanofi. com.sg 2017). Description of Work Process and Activity Selected The R D division of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd is committed to conduct biomedical research and the innovation of research and development projects of the organization focused on controlling infectious diseases. These pharmaceutical projects of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd are uncertain and highly complex and a substantial amount of organizational resources are involved in these projects. Thus the risk management process for these complex projects have been quite challenging to implement for Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd. The projects for development of drugs have specific needs and challenges and the risk management process of an organization should address the risk (Kerzner 2013). The organization also adopts a risk management framework across all primary activities of its value chain activities which include Supply Chain Management, Operations, Marketing and RD. The work process of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd adopts a strong culture for risk management. The organi zation adopts a transparent work process for managing risks. Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd adopts backward-looking view to analyze the types of risks. A forward looking view is adopted by the organization towards risks which are emerging and existing. The work-process adopted by Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd has developed a risk management framework which is in alignment with the corporate and business level strategies of the organization. The information of risk is integrated with the work process and business process of the organization which helps in effective decision making under critical situation. The risk governance and organization process of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd has a well-defined structure. The responsibilities of the risk team of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd are clear and the risk teams of the organization works under guidance of members of Board of the organization (sanofi.com.sg, 2017). Review of Past Incidents The Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd has developed relationships that are mutually beneficial among its stakeholders to communicate risks properly. The involvement of community and transparency among stakeholders enabled the organization to manage its reputational risks. The strategic roadmap of the organization adopted an integrated approach to link expectations of stakeholders and activities of the business process. The organization maintained a high standard of ethical conduct while dealing with healthcare professionals. The talented pool of healthcare professionals of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd helped in the risk management process of the organization by providing insights and feedbacks about the products of the organization and conducted training programs of healthcare education for the employees of the organization. The organization has collaborated among partners, healthcare professionals and healthcare organizations to ensure greater transparency in its business process . The future of research and development of new medicines is highly dependent on a transparent business process. Sanofi is a member of The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations and discloses information related to the value creation of healthcare industry like educational grants provided to healthcare organizations. The organization has renewed its partnership with the World Health organization and has partnered with International Diabetes Federation and Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) to ensure innovation of medicines. The approach of the organization was aligned with the United Nations Global Compact and the Save the Children concept of UNICEF which developed the Childrens Rights and Business Principles (sanofi.com.sg 2017).Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd ensured to manage risk effectively by making data of clinical trial available to the research community. This sharing of information has helped the research community of the organizatio n to improve public health, to conduct innovative research in medicine and science and to increase the level of knowledge and enhance trust among community members for the development of pharmaceutical drugs. The organization focused on five commitments which included sharing of data with researchers, enhancing access to Clinical Study Information among public, sharing of results with patients who participated in clinical trials, strengthening commitments to publish results of clinical trial and certifying the procedure of sharing the Information of Clinical Trial. The organization adopted an effective risk management framework to manage potential risks. Hazard-risk Identification The manufacturing divisions of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd use a large amount of chemicals especially organic chemicals to manufacture medicines at bulk for customers. Thus the risk of accidents in the manufacturing units is a potential hazard identified by the organization. The employees of the organization are also exposed to health hazards in the manufacturing units. The drug manufacturing process of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd has a complex framework and involves hazards related to off-site and on-site environmental overheads. The emission of green house gases and generation of wastes are environmental hazards that are involved in the manufacturing and packaging of medicines. The medicines developed by the organization can pose hazards related to health of patients if the medicines are not clinically tested before launch. For a consumer healthcare company like of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd the identification of hazard-risk is of paramount importance because the or ganization is responsible for developing life-saving medicines for patients. The implementation of safety procedures, proper monitoring, control and surveillance and abiding by healthcare standards can minimize the hazard-risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). Risk Analysis and Evaluation The risk analysis is the process of identification of and management of potential problems that can affect the business process and projects of an organization (Lin, Wen and Yu 2012). In the process of risk analysis the identification of potential threats and the likelihood of occurrence of these threats are required to be analyzed (Lam 2014). For proper risk analysis of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte gathers information about financial data, forecasts of the market, project plans and security protocols that are functional across various divisions and departments of the organization. The risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd can be categorized into operational risks like disruption of supplies or failures in the process of distribution. The procedural risks of the organization include failures of internal systems and failure of accountability. The financial risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd include inadequate supply of funds and stock market fluctuation(sanofi.com.sg 2017). The risks related to Research and Development (RD) projects of the organization are issues with quality, improper allocation of resources, inadequate funding and failure to complete the projects on time. The risks related to human resource management are inability to maintain a talented pool of human resource and crisis related to diversity, communication gap, discrimination, biases and stereotypes. The market-related risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd include risks associated with inaccurate prediction of market demands and consumer needs and risk related to loss of reputation in the marketplace. The organization is also susceptible to risks of macro environment like changes of public opinion, tax barriers and government policies and risk associated with natural disasters. The risks of the organization can be estimated by determining the risk value which is multiplication of cost of event and probability of event (Hoyt and Liebenberg 2011). A consumer health company has the responsibility to provide life-saving drugs to patients. Delay in supply of the drugs can lead to adverse consequence like loss of life of patients which is a potential risk that can be identified. There are risks associated with the Research and Development projects of Aventis Singapore Pte. Ltd like risk related to prioritization of projects, allocation of resources in the projects, budget related risks and risks associated with the technology which support the projects. Research and innovation is the core competency of Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd. Thus partnering with a talented pool of research partner is essential to ensure new product development and improvement of existing products. The process of clinical trials and testing of medicines involve risks and hazards and the medicines cant be commercialized unless they undergo a robust clinical testing procedure (Lawrence et al. 2014). The commercialization of medicines of Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd are subjected to risk of the mark etplace like laws and regulations of the country of operation, competitive pricing of medicines so that patients can avail medicines at affordable price , the risk related to prediction of demands of the marketplace and risks associated with development of new marketplace. The supporting activities of the value chain of Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd like the Human Resource management, Infrastructure and Information Systems are also subjected to risks. The organization can face risks related to unfair accounting practices. Ineffective corporate governance can lead to risk of fraudulent accounting practices which can tarnish the reputation of the organization (Mikes and Kaplan 2013).Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd is a global organization and thus is vulnerable to risks associated to ineffective management a cross-cultural global team. The management of diversity in a cross-cultural team which includes both surface level and deep level diversity is essential to mitigate the risk of biases, ster eotypes and discrimination which are potential risks faced by cross-cultural teams(Garavan 2012.) The management of such risks is essential with adoption of an open communication model and development of a organizational wide culture in favor of diversity. The organization should manage risks associated with its supply chain by ensuring to partner with reputed suppliers, using multimodal transport system and centralizing its supply chain (Tang and Musa 2011). It is essential to manage the risks of the organization. The risks of the organization can be managed adequately by avoiding risks, sharing risks and accepting risks (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). The risks should be evaluated by ranking the risks according to the probability and consequences of the risks (Hopkin 2017). Review of Good Practices and Safety Technologies Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd focuses on adopting safety practices across all its manufacturing division. There are many environmental risks involved in the process of manufacturing, packaging and distribution of medicines. Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd aims to minimize environmental risks like emission of green house gases and generation of wastes which are associated with its manufacturing divisions across the globe. The employees of the organization are robustly trained about the local laws of the countries. Sanofi- Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd is a global organization and operates in several countries across the globe. Thus, the familiarity of its employees with local laws and regulations enables employees of the organization to adapt to different consumer market related risks. Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd priced its medicines fairly and competitively to minimize risks from competitors (sanofi.com.sg 2017).The Research and Development team of the organization focuses on de veloping medicines after studying the needs and requirements of customers based in Singapore and across the globe. The quality and safety team of the organization is focused on surveillance of its products (Mollah, Baseman and Long 2013).Sanofi Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd is dedicated to comply with standards of occupational health and safety across all activities of its value chain. The organization conducts clinical trials to ensure that medicines are properly tested before they are commercialized in the marketplace. The supply chain process of Sanofi- Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd ensures that medicines are available to the customers at the right time and right place. To avoid risks in the Supply Chain Management process, the entire process of supply chain activities should be centralized and modern technologies like Supply Chain Management software should be implemented to ensure smooth flow of supply chain activities (Ho et al. 2015). Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd has suppliers an d distributors across the globe and the intermodal transport system of the organization helps to handle risks associated with the logistics management. The centralization of the supply chain management process also enables to predict the demand and supply factors of the marketplace accurately so that the Bull-Whip effect of the supply chain is reduced (Sodhi, Son and Tang 2012). Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd also practice fair accounting practices and the sustainable accounting practices of the organization ensures to create profit for shareholders as well as creates long-term value for stakeholders (sanofi.com.sg 2017) Conclusion It can be concluded that identification of risks are of paramount importance for an organization. The risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd are of several types like risks related to R D projects, risks associated with Supply Chain Management and operational activities, risks related to finance, accounting, human resource and marketplace. The risks of an organization should be quantified by determining the value of a risk. After evaluation of risks, proper strategies should be adopted to manage risks. The risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd should be accepted, avoided or shared. The impact of a risk can be reduced by taking preventive action. The activities which involve high risks should be experimented on a small-scale under a controlled environment. The preventive actions that are undertaken by Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd are training workers of manufacturing units about material handling, health and safety to handle hazards related to manufacturing and packaging of medicines. Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd adopts a robust and structured framework for risk management. Recommendations of Risk Treatment The risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd can be treated in three ways. The first method that can be suggested is to avoid the risk; the organization can do so by avoiding highly risky business ventures. A What If Analysis will be essential for the organization to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of a risky venture. The risks of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd can also be shared with third parties and teams and people of partnering organizations. The organization should accept risks when there is no option available to prevent the risks or mitigate the risks. Sometimes the cost of insuring against a risk is more than the loss associated with a risk. An impact analysis should be conducted to understand the consequences of the risks. A contingency plan should be developed by the organization for coping with the consequences of risks. In a global organization like Of Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd there should be several partners for procurement of raw materials and distribution of medicines, the supply chain management process should be centralized and upgraded by installation of modern software and a multimodal transportation system should be adopted to mitigate the risk of not supplying life-saving drugs to patients in proper time. It can be recommended that Sanofi-Aventis Singapore Pte Ltd should adopt detective measures like installation of sensors to identify defects of products, double-checking of financial reports and preventive action like fire-wall protection on corporate servers. It is recommended that the organization should adopt an innovative human resource policy to ensure there is availability of a talented pool of resources for Research and Innovation, and transparency, flexible structure, open communication and support from organizational leaders can help in managing risks related to cross-cultural diverse teams. Reference Lists Garavan, T.N., 2012. Global talent management in science-based firms: an exploratory investigation of the pharmaceutical industry during the global downturn.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(12), pp.2428-2449. Glendon, A.I., Clarke, S. and McKenna, E., 2016.Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Ho, W., Zheng, T., Yildiz, H. and Talluri, S., 2015. Supply chain risk management: a literature review.International Journal of Production Research,53(16), pp.5031-5069. Hopkin, P., 2017.Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Hoyt, R.E. and Liebenberg, A.P., 2011. The value of enterprise risk management.Journal of risk and insurance,78(4), pp.795-822. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lam, J., 2014.Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Lawrence, X.Y., Amidon, G., Khan, M.A., Hoag, S.W., Polli, J., Raju, G.K. and Woodcock, J., 2014. Understanding pharmaceutical quality by design.The AAPS journal,16(4), pp.771-783. Lin, Y., Wen, M.M. and Yu, J., 2012. Enterprise risk management: Strategic antecedents, risk integration, and performance.North American Actuarial Journal,16(1), pp.1-28. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Mikes, A. and Kaplan, R.S., 2013. Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. Mollah, H., Baseman, H. and Long, M. eds., 2013.risk management Applications in Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing(Vol. 4). John Wiley Sons. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. sanofi.com.sg. 2017.sanofi. [online] Available at: https://www.sanofi.com.sg/l/sg/en/index.jsp [Accessed 7 Nov. 2017]. Sodhi, M.S., Son, B.G. and Tang, C.S., 2012. Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management.Production and operations management,21(1), pp.1-13. Tang, O. and Musa, S.N., 2011. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management.International journal of production economics,133(1), pp.25-34.

American Industrialization from Civil War to WWI Essay Essays

American Industrialization from Civil War to WWI Essay Essays American Industrialization from Civil War to WWI Essay Essay American Industrialization from Civil War to WWI Essay Essay Between the Civil War and the terminal of World War I. industrialisation played an of all time increasing function in the economic. societal. and political development of the United States. Industrialization had a immense impact on American in all of these ways. such as many Americans traveling from the rural countries to urban countries. populating the large metropolis life style with Industrialization on the rise. Social Darwinism besides known as Survival of the fittest took an impact during this clip period. the state was confronting great alterations doing many people to get down new life styles. Peoples began working in mills and large edifices alternatively of on farms. Labor brotherhoods besides were formed to protect the workers from unjust rewards. long yearss. insecure conditions. etc. Although there were positive effects during this clip there were besides negative effects on the societal. political. and economic. facets of the United States. First I will travel over how industrialisation affected America economically. Industrialization was at a rise during this clip many â€Å"Big Shot† industrialists became rather affluent from this. although most industrialists used ruthless concern tactics to roll up their wealth. Andrew Carnegie believed in the moral responsibility of the rich giving back to the community so he spent much of his wealth paying for libraries. universities. trust financess. and Carnegie Hall to be built besides making more occupations ( Shown in Document 8 ) . Another Economic consequence on the United States was the American entry into WWI. The ground forces for the United States wasn’t as prepared for the modern candidacy military action like other European states. America’s productive strength made up for that by hiking one million millions of dollars and our industrial potency caused its portion of universe fabrication end product to be 2 and a half times that of Germanys. Our entry transformed the balances and compensated for the prostration of Russia at the clip ( Shown in Document 9 ) this being a positive of American industrialisation. Following I will discourse the societal impact industrialisation on the United States. Due to such the high demand for employees and work at the clip working conditions weren’t ever so great. Clara Lemlich a labour brotherhood work stoppage leader sparked the 1909 walkout of shirtwaist shapers. The work stoppage occurred because workers were doing approximately $ 6 a hebdomad on a good hebdomad. are invariably at their machines from 7am to 8pm daily with merely one 30 minute tiffin interruption. This work stoppage gathered the public’s attending fueling the creative activity of labour brotherhoods and labour Torahs ( Shown in papers 6A ) . Due to hapless on the job conditions. insecure and unhealthy work environments. and kids working started the creative activity of labour Torahs. One of the first of these was the Laws of the province of Illinois and their transition of the 38th general assembly. Some of these Torahs were if upon review such workshops shall be found unhealthy/infectious orders will be given and actions taken as the public wellness shall necessitate. Another jurisprudence passed was kids under 14 are prohibited from being employed ; besides no female shall be employed in any mill or workshop for more than 8 hours a twenty-four hours or 48 hours a hebdomad ( Shown in papers 4 ) . Industrialization from the Civil War to World War I affected the societal facet of the U. S. by drastic alterations. changes the American people were non used to this is where Social Darwinism comes into drama. Following I will cover the political alterations industrialisation caused during this clip period. The â€Å"Captains † of Industrialization during this clip were chesty. such as Mr. Rockefeller they believed they were above the Government and politicians. This created Bad Trusts that reduced competition and drove up monetary values. Theodore Roosevelt the president at the clip became a trust fellow. by making the Sherman’s Antitrust Act in 1890 this declaring all combinations of in restraint trade now illegal ( Shown in papers 7B ) . Another illustration of the political impact was the Boss tweed and Tammany Hall dirt. Tammany hall was a political organisation formed in 1786. and played a major function in commanding New York City and New York State political relations. Boss Tweed was an American politician and the â€Å"boss† of Tammany Hall. Boss tweeds control over the political backing in NYC through Tammany Hall every bit good as the tenseness between political leaders an industrialisation â€Å"kings† lead to Boss tweed holding and unjust add vantage over other campaigners. guaranting trueness of electors through occupation offerings. The result of this later resulted in Tweed’s strong belief for stealing an estimated $ 25- $ 45 million dollars from NYC revenue enhancement remun erators due to political corruptness. In decision the epoch between the Civil War and World War I’s industrialisation played an of all time increasing function in the economic. societal. and political facet of the United States in both negative and positive facets. Economic alterations ranged from where the people chiefly lived and types of occupations to how they changed. Equally good as labour brotherhoods and labour Torahs altering working conditions. to the American entry into WWI. Social alterations ranged from the epoch of reform. the women’s rights motion and the 19th amendment and their right to vote. every bit good as adult females doing mass meetings and work stoppages. Last the political alterations ranged from Theodore’s Roosevelt’s â€Å"Trust Busting† to political greed and corruptness.

QCF 3 UNIT 616 Essay Example

QCF 3 UNIT 616 Essay Example QCF 3 UNIT 616 Essay QCF 3 UNIT 616 Essay unit 616 1 . 1 . 2. 1 . 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 4. 5. 1 . 5. 3. 5. 4. 5. 6. 5. 7 There are several current legislation, guidelines, policies and protocols relevant to the administration of medication. These are The medicines Act (1968), Misuse of Drugs Act (1971), Misuse of Drugs Regulations (2007), Health Act (2000) The Care Standards Act (2000), Domiciliary Care Agencies Regulations (2002) Control of Substances Hazards to Health (2002), Hazard Waste Regulations, Controlled Waste Regulations (1992), The Handling of Medic9ines in Social Care and The Safe and Secure Handling of Medicines; a Team Approach. Organisational policy and procedures should include how to receive and record medication, safe storage, prescribing, dispensing, administration, monitoring and disposal. Common types of medicines are General Sales List Medicines also know as over the counter medincines, Pharmacy Medicines, prescription only medicines and controlled drugs. These are catorgorised into Analgesic (painkillers) which are split into 4 main groups these are Non-opioid, Opioid, Neuropathis, Anti-migraine, Anti-angina, Anti-arthritis, Antibiotics, Anti-coagulants, Anti-depressants, Anti-hypertensives, Anxiolytics, Laxatives, Statins and Steroids. Each medicine is used to treat conditions and each have different effects and possible side effects. For example Non-opioid medicines can cause side effects such as gastric irritation or liver damage and they can be used to reduce pain or to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Whereas Anxiolytics can be used to reduce anxiety and stress, but can have side effects such as reduced concentration, slowing down of mental agility and reasoning skills and can cause hort term memory. Some medications require serum concentration to be measured to ensure the person receives the optimal dose and to avoid toxicity or damage to the body. These include Insulin, Lithium, Warafarin, Digoxin and Statins. Reactions to medication are extremely common. In fact, 15-30% of all hospitalised patients will experience an unintended reaction as a result of medications. To recognise these reactions the packaging should be read fully to highlight what side effects may occur. They will inform you what you should do if you develop a side effect. If you are nsure you should contact your doctor. Common side effects include rashes, stiffness, breathing difficulties, shaking, swelling, headaches, nausea, drowsiness, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, weight gain etc. Staff must monitor and record any adverse reactions and the service users doctor should be contacted if medication is stopped until informed otherwise. There are several different ways that medicines can be administered these are: Oral, sublingually, inhalation, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, rectal administration, vaginal administration, topical dministration, transdermal patch, percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy or by naso gastric tube. There are several types of medication, each has a purpose and function needed for their administration via the different routes. Tablets, capsules, liquids, suspensions and mixtures are taken via the oral route. Delivery is straight to the lungs. The delivery route is inhalation. Intramuscular injections are injected directly into large muscles, usually the legs or the bottom. These are performed by a doctor or nurse. Intravenous injections are medicines that re injected into the veins, which is of benefit when a situation in life threatening. Instillation administration is when medicine is in liquid or suspension form and is instilled via the eye, nose or ears. Drops are available for ear wax removal, glaucoma, dry eyes or eye infections. Nose drops and sprays are available for allergic conditions such as hay fever. Rectal administration is absorbed very quickly by the body. Suppositories can be inserted high into the rectum. Rectal diazepam can be prescribed as treatment for dealing with severe epileptic seizure. Training is required for administration Pessaries or applicators containing creams are effective for treatment of vaginal thrush during the vaginal administration route. Topical administration is when creams, ointments and gels are applied directly to the skin to treat skin conditions. They can also be used as a delivery route for analgesics (painkillers). Gloves are worn to protect against absorbtion of medication through the skin. Examples of types of medicines used for the Transdermal path route include fentanyl patch, hormone replacement therapy and nicotine patches. The drug is released slowly from the patch over a period of time and is absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream. For people who are unable to swallow medicines the Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastronomy and Naso Gastric tube routes can be used to administer medication. When administering medication staff must identify the medication correctly, identify the person correctly, know what the medicine is intended to do and know whether any special precautions are needed. If there is a problem with the administration of medication individuals should seek medical ssistance by ringing the doctor or in an emergency by calling 999. The house manager should also be informed as well as social workers, relevant staff and parents if relevant. It is important to confirm that individuals takes the medication and does not pass it to others as the condition may not be alleviated and may become worse. If the medication is passed and taken to other they may have possible side effects. Out of date and part-used medication should be disposed of at the correct pharmacy. This is then recorded and kept in a file within the workplace.

Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Families - Essay Example Whereas fifty years ago divorce was rare, and homosexuality invisible, nowadays these features are common in society. If individuals want to create their own type of family according to their own values and ideals, then there is an opportunity to explore this in new ways. There is conflict between restrictive but stable traditional models, and freer but potentially less stable modern alternatives. Immigrant families have the benefit of at least two cultural heritages, and this enriches their life experience. It can also cause tensions when adapting to new contexts and sometimes clashes with expectations of the culture of origin. Often children feel caught between the old and the new, and it takes generations for families to be fully at ease in both cultures. Another advantage of immigrant families is that people often have the opportunity to speak more than one language. This has useful career implications but above all it enables people to see the world more openly and be accepting of differences without judging one or the other. White American families who only speak English are at a disadvantage because they are tempted to hold narrow views, and find it harder to think in concepts outside their own ethnic group norms. Latinos, African Americans, Asians and other minority groups in America can suffer prejudice and misunderstanding which adds stress to their lives. Families who find themselves victims of racism will stick together more closely, but there are disadvantages in accessing full citizenship benefits if resentment builds up inside the family and opportunities are blocked in society outside the family. This can be a vicious circle which is hard to break. Similar scenarios can develop within gay and lesbian families. Multi-generational families are the norm in some societies, notably African and Asian

Unit 6, Four Law Questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6, Four Law Questions - Article Example The Exclusionary Rule interrogates whether these rights were violated while finding evidence. 2) To disallow a search which no judge allowed in the first place: A search warrant must be authorized by a judge. 3) To deter the police: The Exclusionary Rule helps to deter police from using unconstitutional methods to obtain evidence. Elements Of Subjective Test: The defendant’s state of mind. If this is questionable, the evidence may be rendered inadmissible. 2) The willingness of the defendant to participate in the crime must also be adequately proven by the prosecution. Objective Test: Looks at whether the defendant committed the crime due to pressure from government agents or whether government agents persuaded the person into committing the crime. It also explores the possibility of the person not being ready and willing to commit the crime until such a time when the governments agents interacted (Samaha, 2011).. Four Tasks for the judge: 1) Presiding over the hearing and ensuring that that order is maintained. 2) Determine the legality or otherwise of any evidence presented 3) The judge issues instructions before any deliberations begin and cites the law relevant to the case and the standards it must meet. Finally, in case of bench trials, the judge scrutinizes the facts and decides on the way forward for the case. Preliminary Hearings and Grand Jury Review: Basically, a preliminary hearing is taken as an adversarial hearing. On the other hand, a grand jury is a private proceeding that listens to the case of the prosecution without the participation of the defense. Preliminary hearings are also presided over by the judge while the grand jury managed by the

Analytic Report - Outsourcing Essay Example for Free

Analytic Report Outsourcing Essay Offshore outsourcing, the sending of jobs to lower wage countries, has become a very popular practice amongst U. S. companies seeking ways to cut back on their operating costs. The idea of outsourcing has made for a highly emotional situation because of two dramatically different effects: it leads to layoffs and dislocations for workers. Well-educated workers in other countries are willing to work for a fraction of the wages paid to Americans, resulting in massive savings for American companies. The U. S. mports goods that would cost higher to produce domestically, and it creates and sells to other countries goods that would cost more for them to create on their own. The immediate problem resulting from outsourcing jobs is workers in the U. S. can become unemployed. The problem that causes a debate over outsourcing is even though it promises a better life for all involved; it causes hardships on the American workers when they are laid off. Economists argue that outsourcing is a bad choice because of the workers that are being laid off and displaced. In analyzing the Case Study IV-3 IT Infrastructure Outsourcing at Schaeffer (A): The Outsourcing Decision, both sides of the outsourcing debate are well represented. Once the Schaeffer board assigned the highly ambitious growth goals to Reitzel, the Vice President of Human Resources made the recommendation that they outsource some of its IT processes and resources. During the initial evaluation of the possibility of outsourcing, Schaeffer determined what the benefits would be of having a vendor manage their IT. They determined that they would be able to focus on core activities during growth periods, which would help them to meet the goals set forth by the board. Outsourcing IT will allow them to remain focused on those business activities that are important without sacrificing quality or service to their customers. Next, they would be able to achieve reduced overhead costs and better operational control. An outsourcing company could bring better management skills to a company than what would otherwise be unavailable to them. Another added benefit would be staffing flexibility. Outsourcing will allow operations that have seasonal or cyclical demands to bring in additional resources when needed and release them when they are finished. Outsourcing these functions can provide the additional resources for a fixed period of time at a consistent cost. Continuity and risk management would also be greatly improved because when you have periods of high employee turnover which add uncertainty and inconsistency to the operations, outsourcing would provide a level of continuity while reducing the risk that a substandard level of operation would impact the company and its customers. They also determined that outsourcing could help diversify and develop the staff by bringing in people with skills that are needed within the company and by providing training opportunities that had not previously been available for current staff. Once the idea of outsourcing was presented, a task force was created to analyze their current processes and map them in as great a detail as possible. This would help them to determine exactly what their outsourcing needs were going to be. They brought on an outside consultant who provided them with advice on how to proceed as well as detailed templates to assist them in gathering the necessary information to help them create the Request for Proposal (RFP). They determined that they wanted to outsource the data center, distributed computing (all desktops), voice (telephones), data networks, and the helpdesk. It was also determined that they did not want to outsource their development resources. The task force spent a year gathering data and filling out the templates so that they had a complete picture of their current services to better understand their outsourcing needs. They then spent several months preparing a 200-page RFP that could be provided to possible outsourcing vendors. After receiving two strong proposal responses, it was determined that ABC Corporation would be the best fit for Schaeffer’s outsourcing needs. There was a lot of negotiation to be able to bring the price within the needs of the company, but after several weeks of back and forth an agreement was reached. The next step was to get Schaeffer’s top management’s buy-in to the task force’s recommended solution. However, once the task force report was circulated internally, there were a lot of perceived disadvantages raised by its managers. One of the first concerns that was brought up with the consistency and priority of service that Schaeffer would receive. Most outsourced IT contracts are for a relatively long time-period. This is because of the high cost of transferring assets and employees as well as maintaining technological investment. The long time-period of the contract can cause three particular problems. One, difficulties in getting out of a contract if the supplier turns out to be unsuitable; two, problems in foreseeing what the business will need over the life of the contract hence creating difficulties in negotiating new services; and three, almost insurmountable problems in re-creating an internal IT department after the contract period is over or the relationship is terminated. Another major concern that was discussed was the impact to employee morale with the inevitable reduction in Schaeffer IT personnel, where some would be absorbed by the vendor but most would be given a severance package and laid off. And the employees who remain may distrust management after outsourcing because they will become fearful that their position could be targeted next. Administration should treat morale problems seriously and will need to work with staff to rebuild their trust and loyalty. The company is a major employer in the area so the decision to outsource could also have a ripple effect in the community by damaging their reputation. The vice president for finance of the Colbert division brought up the concern that the major benefits of outsourcing would only be beneficial to the Reitzel division whereas the other two divisions would incur additional costs without additional benefits. This concern led to a third alternative being suggested; outsource the IT infrastructure just for the Reitzel division. Based on the information included in the case study for all three alternatives, outsourcing should be the chosen solution. It is the most flexible solution for their growth goals. Outsourcing would allow for them to expand in areas more quickly without all of the time and costs associated with startups. The vendor already has the infrastructure to support the areas that they most want to expand into, allowing for quicker turnaround times in meeting customer needs and wants, especially for new business growth. If they kept the IT in-house, they would need to make a substantial investment of both time and money in expanding their services and support that would be needed for new business and it would need to be done very quickly to be able to meet the goals set by the Board of Directors. If they tried to adopt the third alternative, of only outsourcing the IT for the Reitzel division, it would negate all of the time and cost savings of the consolidation of the divisional IT groups into a shared services solution. It would then cause duplication of work and processes between the in-house IT team and the outsourced group, which would be impactful to the overall costs for all divisions. Each solution had its own pro’s and con’s, and needed to be evaluated against the best interest in achieving Schaeffer’s overall goals in the marketplace. Like it or not, change is an integral part of todays business climate. In the workplace, changes can occur as a result of new thinking, advances in technology, innovation and progress, knowledge and communication, as well as mergers, takeovers, layoffs, and downsizing. A lot of the concerns and disadvantages were voiced after the task force’s recommendation had been developed, presented, and circulated within the company. Communication is key! This could have been avoided by having better communication throughout the life cycle of the whole process, from the information gathering, to the development of the RFP, and the presenting of the final recommendations. A lot of people probably felt blindsided by the proposed solution to outsource the IT infrastructure because they have been conditioned to fear change. We must not lose sight of the fact that change is normal, and most of us will experience unpredictable changes throughout our professional lives. However, there is no doubt that everyone views change from a different perspective than everyone else. Many employees believe that management doesnt understand their side of the story, and managers often feel it is the employees who dont understand why the change is necessary. This is why communication is so vital during any change circumstance. Its been said that lack of communication is the number one reason why relationships deteriorate between employers and employees. Change will require open communication on both sides. None of us want to acknowledge that we doubt our ability to integrate new ideas, use new technology, or adapt to new organizations. We dont even want to think about whats ahead when outsourcing a whole department: new management structure, new processes and procedures, new terminology, new titles and job descriptions, not to mention the loss of longtime co-workers, friends, and family. The more we fight and resist the change, the more painful and frightening the changes will be. Resisting doesnt keep a new idea from taking hold; it simply makes the process longer and more painful. Change will happen no matter what. We will handle it better when we learn to move with the change – not against it. Its natural to fear the unknown and lack of control when it comes to embracing a new concept such as outsourcing that goes completely against the traditional workplace structure. There will be a lot of struggle during the transition period. We know we will have to work a lot harder. Are we willing to let go of the present to embrace the future? We may not know what the future will bring, but we are responsible for what we bring to the future.